The effect of aerobic exercise in reducing migraine-associated burden in individuals with comorbid tension-type headache and neck pain may not be mediated by an effect on nociceptive pathways.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following motor vehicle collisions contribute substantially to ongoing axial pain throughout the year following the accident.
According to this model, prioritizing alternate life goals through optimism and positive affect over pain-associated behaviors perpetuated by negative affect provides the means to break the pain cycle.
