Gearoid M. McMahon

Does this patient have metabolic acidosis? Metabolic acidosis is generally defined by the presence of a low serum bicarbonate concentration (normal range 22-28 mEq/L), although occasionally states can exist where the serum bicarbonate is normal with an elevated anion gap (e.g., patients with a lactic acidosis who have received a bicarbonate infusion or patients on…

History, signs, and symptoms The prevalence of kidney stones in the United States has been increasing for at least the past 30 years and is currently about 5%. Most kidney stones (85-90%) are composed primarily of calcium oxalate with some containing calcium phosphate, and the majority of these are idiopathic; that is, not caused by…