David Hepner

All articles by David Hepner

What the Anesthesiologist Should Know before the Operative Procedure Multiple modalities exist for nonpharmacologic analgesia for labor and delivery. While the laboring parturient has a sense of urgency secondary to pain, it is essential to understand that labor analgesia is considered elective. Nonpharmacologic analgesia is not relevant to operative delivery such as cesarean or forceps-assisted…